New report sheds light on the power of migration narratives

A comprehensive new report from the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC) explores the complex and often divisive world of migration narratives, highlighting their significant impact on public perceptions and policy decisions. The report, which brings together evidence from the JRC, the European Policy Centre, and the European University Institute, aims to provide a reference point for grasping the role of narratives in shaping our understanding of migration. 

The full report is available online, and its findings and recommendations are expected to contribute to a more nuanced and informed public debate about migration in the EU. 

The six common migration narrative frames 

The report identifies six common migration narrative frames used in the mainstream media: the solidarity frame; the humanitarian frame; the economic benefit frame; the pragmatic frame; the threat frame; and the crisis frame.  

It also examines what makes some narratives more convincing than others, highlighting the importance of emotional resonance, alignment with pre-existing beliefs, and relevance to current concerns. 

The dangers of divisive narratives 

The report also warns about the dangers of divisive migration narratives, which can exploit people's pre-existing fears and anxieties, undermine trust in institutions, and fuel xenophobia and social divisions.  

An analysis of tweets from European populist leaders reveals the widespread use of the "us vs. them" narrative, which is used to discredit political rivals and rally support for anti-establishment agendas. 

Case studies and recommendations 

Five different case studies shed light on narratives around climate migration, populist narratives, the Dutch housing crisis, disinformation about the displacement from Ukraine, and successful communication actions around migration. Based on these studies, the report provides practical recommendations for policymakers and communication professionals to foster narratives that promote an evidence-based understanding of migration. 

Priorities for EU institutions 

The report proposes three general priorities for EU institutions to create an evidence-based information environment around migration: 

1. Become a trusted source of migration-related information: Prioritise building trust, empower citizens with facts, and adopt a consistent communication approach. 

2. Develop balanced messages: Create communications that resonate with all parts of society, addressing legitimate concerns and challenges related to migration. 

3. Create an EU-wide network of communicators: Encourage a joint effort between EU institutions, agencies, and Member States to convey the benefits and value of EU migration policies to the public. 

Using research to inform migration communication 

The report highlights the importance of using research to inform migration communication efforts, providing accurate data, identifying common misconceptions, and shedding light on sentiments and attitudes among target groups. By using scientific support services, such as the Joint Research Centre, communication teams within the EU institutions can develop evidence-based messages that resonate with diverse audiences. 

Find out more 

Assessing the production and impact of migration narratives in a time of polarisation 

Building a balanced public dialogue on migration and migrants 

EU migration and asylum policy